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Saturday, 13 March 2010

IZNIK ART


     
  An Introduction to Iznik Art!  
  The pattern designs reflect Anatolia’s (in Turkey) flora and fauna as well as allegoric and symbolic values. The geometrically plaited arrangements are the reflections of the relationship between the sky (celestial rules) and the individual; in other words, cosmologic philosophy. The Cini ornaments in Turkish architecture are used beautifully and modestly, avoiding exorbitance.

Among the main motives of our ornamentation art are “cloud†stylizations, figures of animals, different objects, naturalistic flowers, geometrical designs. Artists expressed the tracts of social life and beliefs and gave them different meanings as well. For example, with the belief that the odor of our Prophet’s body is roses allowed to use the designs of rose and bud as the symbols of love and beauty. Besides, as the word of tulip in Ottoman Turkish has the same letters as in Allah, a flower lossoming out a bulb implies the oneness of Allah and a tulip implies the spirit searching for Allah. The flowering trees in spring implies the Heaven, cypresses implies the patience. Iznik Tiles are used in the most important parts of mosques and palaces and in the architecture with its both physical specialties and richness of design and application. Designs are generally symbolized by rich Iznik flora and fauna. Some of the flower types that are used in Cini are rose, dianthus, tulip, peony, hyacinth, plum flower, pomegranate flower, and etc.

The colors are inspired by semiprecious stones. Red of coral, green of malachite, turquoise and emerald, dark blue of lapis lazuli are just some of them. Mild lusterless linings do not reflect the light too much and aren’t weary for the eyes.

Special feature of the quartz used in Cini, absorbing electromagnetic waves, have positive effects in the rooms it exists by dissipating the negative energy around. The use of Cini in mosques proves also its acoustic property. It provides heat isolation making buildings cool in summer and hot in winter; it allows the places to be seen high and roomy.

One of the biggest centers of Iznik Cini in the Ottoman period was Iznik, and it is a historical city, which is the host of Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman Empires and is widely recognized by its tiles as well. In the 17th Century Evliya Celebi (one of the most famous Turkish travelers) mentioned in his notes that in nine districts of the city, people are living with the money that they are earning from making tiles and pots, and there are more than 340 tile ovens in the city. Golden Way in Harem, Topkapi Sarayi, Suleymaniye Mosque’s Niche, Rustem Pascha Mosque and Tomb, and the Sokullu Mehmet Pascha Mosque are some examples for usage of Iznik Tiles in the 16th century.